CCSS.Math.Content.HSS-IC.B.5

MathGrades 9–12Making Inferences and Justifying Conclusions

The standard

Use data from a randomized experiment to compare two treatments; use simulations to decide if differences between parameters are significant.

Common Core State Standards for Mathematics

What this standard means

Students need to compare two treatments using data from a randomized experiment. They should look at the difference between groups, then use a simulation to ask, “Could this difference happen just by random assignment?”

Mastery means students can set up a randomization simulation, run many trials, and judge whether the observed difference is unusual. They can explain their conclusion in context, not just say “significant.” Students often get stuck thinking a bigger difference always proves a treatment works, or they mix up random sampling with random assignment.

Ways to teach it

  • Use cards labeled treatment A and B to randomly reassign outcome values, then record the difference in group means for 20 trials.
  • Ask students to write: How unusual must our result be before we believe the treatment caused a real difference?
  • Show one dotplot of simulated differences and have students decide whether the observed result is statistically significant.
  • Compare two study strategies using class quiz data, then discuss how random assignment would make the comparison more trustworthy.

Plan a lesson for CCSS.Math.Content.HSS-IC.B.5

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Related standards

  • CCSS.Math.Content.HSS-IC.B.4

    Use data from a sample survey to estimate a population mean or proportion; develop a margin of error through the use of simulation models for random sampling.

  • CCSS.Math.Content.HSS-IC.A

    Understand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical experiments

  • CCSS.Math.Content.HSS-IC.A.2

    Decide if a specified model is consistent with results from a given data-generating process, e.g., using simulation.

  • CCSS.Math.Content.7.SP.A.2

    Use data from a random sample to draw inferences about a population with an unknown characteristic of interest. Generate multiple samples (or simulated samples)...

Standard text verified against corestandards.org on July 10, 2026.

Page updated July 10, 2026.

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