CCSS.Math.Content.7.SP.C.8c

Math7th GradeStatistics and Probability

The Standard

Design and use a simulation to generate frequencies for compound events.

Common Core State Standards for Mathematics

Teacher's field guide

What This Standard Means

What Students Need to Do

Students turn a compound chance situation into a simulation using random digits, dice, spinners, or counters. They run many trials, record successes, and use relative frequency to estimate the probability.

What Mastery Looks Like

A student can match outcomes from dice, spinners, counters, or random digits to the given probabilities. They define one complete trial and identify what counts as success. They use relative frequency to estimate the probability and explain the result in context.

Common Misconceptions

Students may assign random digits in proportions that do not match the stated chance. They may count individual outcomes instead of complete trials, or read “at least four” as “exactly four.” They may treat a simulation estimate as exact or divide by the wrong number of trials.

How to Assess It

Exit ticket: Rain has a 30% daily chance; assign digits 0 through 9 to rain and no rain. Use 02 84 71 29 30 15 68 22 47 90 11 36 52 08 74 20 95 13 66 27 as 20 two-day trials, then estimate the chance of rain on both days.

Lesson moves

Ways to Teach It

  1. Use a bag with 3 red and 7 blue counters to run 30 four-draw trials, replacing each counter, then estimate at least one red.

  2. Compare two digit models for a 20% event, digits 0 to 1 versus 0 to 2, and explain which model works.

  3. Pairs roll two dice 40 times, tally sums above 9, and compete for the estimate closest to the theoretical probability.

  4. Model a 10% defect rate with random digits, then estimate the chance that a box of five items contains a defect.

Learning progression

Where This Standard Sits

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