Ready-to-use classroom activity

Visible Thinking Routines

Students use structured thinking patterns such as 'See-Think-Wonder' or 'I used to think, now I think' to develop understanding.

Grade range

Kindergarten – 12th Grade

Works across

ScienceMathematicsEnglishHistoryForeign Language

Activity style

AnalyticalVisualIndividual

Visible Thinking Routines

Students use structured thinking patterns such as 'See-Think-Wonder' or 'I used to think, now I think' to develop understanding.

Example lesson: Historical Photographs from the Great Depression (History - 6th Grade)

Materials

  • Set of 5-6 powerful Depression-era photographs (e.g., Dorothea Lange's work)
  • See-Think-Wonder graphic organizers
  • Thinking routine posters with instructions
  • Background information cards about the Great Depression
  • Document camera or digital display
  • Sticky notes in three colors
  • Reflection exit tickets

Preparation

Select compelling historical photographs that tell stories about the Great Depression. Create graphic organizers with three columns labeled 'I See' (observations), 'I Think' (interpretations), and 'I Wonder' (questions). Prepare simple background information cards for context. Display thinking routine steps on a poster or slide.

Run the activity

  1. Introduction to visible thinking (5 minutes):
  2. Explain that thinking routines help make our thinking visible and organized
  3. Introduce the See-Think-Wonder routine and its purpose
  4. Model the process with a sample image unrelated to the lesson topic
  5. Individual See-Think-Wonder with first photograph (10 minutes):
  6. Display Dorothea Lange's 'Migrant Mother' photograph
  7. Students complete their graphic organizers:
  8. I See: Record only objective observations (e.g., 'A woman with two children')
  9. I Think: Make interpretations based on observations (e.g., 'She seems worried')
  10. I Wonder: Generate questions about the image (e.g., 'Where is the father?')
  11. Emphasize the difference between observations and interpretations
  12. Small group sharing (5-7 minutes):
  13. In groups of 3-4, students share their responses
  14. Listen for similarities and differences in thinking
  15. Add new ideas to their own organizers
  16. Whole-class discussion of first image (5 minutes):
  17. Create a class See-Think-Wonder chart for the photograph
  18. Discuss how different people notice different aspects
  19. Share brief historical context about the photograph
  20. Rotation through additional photographs (20-25 minutes):
  21. Set up 4-5 stations with different Depression-era photographs
  22. Students rotate through stations in small groups
  23. At each station, place sticky notes with:
  24. Yellow: 'I See' observations
  25. Blue: 'I Think' interpretations
  26. Pink: 'I Wonder' questions
  27. Rotate every 4-5 minutes
  28. Pattern recognition (7-8 minutes):
  29. Groups review all photographs and sticky notes
  30. Identify patterns or themes across the images
  31. Discuss what these photographs collectively reveal about the Great Depression
  32. Connect to historical context: Provide brief background information about the Great Depression and discuss how these images shaped public perception.
  33. Reflection: Complete 'I used to think... Now I think...' exit tickets about the Great Depression.

Differentiation

For younger students, focus on simpler 'See-Think' without the 'Wonder' component. For English learners, provide sentence frames for each thinking type. For advanced students, add primary source quotes to pair with images for deeper analysis.

Assessment

Review graphic organizers for depth and quality of thinking in each category. Note students' ability to distinguish between observations and interpretations. Evaluate exit tickets for evidence of changed or deepened understanding.