Ready-to-use classroom activity

RAFT Writing

Students write from a specific Role, to an Audience, in a Format, about a Topic, transforming content understanding through perspective-taking.

Grade range

4th Grade – 12th Grade

Works across

ScienceEnglishHistoryForeign Language

Activity style

IndividualWritingCreative

RAFT Writing

Students write from a specific Role, to an Audience, in a Format, about a Topic, transforming content understanding through perspective-taking.

Example lesson: Cell Biology (Science - 7th Grade)

Materials

  • RAFT assignment sheet with options
  • Content notes from cell unit
  • Sample RAFT pieces for different combinations
  • Writing paper or digital document

Preparation

Create RAFT menu with 3-4 options per category that work with your content. Ensure all combinations are viable. Prepare model RAFT piece demonstrating the concept.

Run the activity

  1. Introduce RAFT: Role (Who are you?), Audience (Who are you writing to?), Format (What form?), Topic (What about?).
  2. Display RAFT menu for cell biology unit:

  3. Roles

    mitochondria, cell membrane, scientist, virus trying to enter cell

  4. Audiences

    other organelles, a student, the whole cell, a health magazine reader

  5. Formats

    diary entry, persuasive letter, travel brochure, news report, job application

  6. Topics

    why I'm important, how I protect you, a day in my life, what would happen without me

  7. Model one combination: 'I'm a mitochondria writing a job application to a new cell, explaining why you should hire me.'
  8. Students choose one option from each category (or assign specific combinations).
  9. Planning time: What do you know about your content? How would your role talk? What does your audience need to know?
  10. Drafting: Maintain your role's voice throughout. Include accurate content.
  11. Peer feedback: Does the writer stay in role? Is the content accurate?
  12. Share selected pieces aloud.

Differentiation

Provide role cards with key content for struggling students. Limit choices for students overwhelmed by options. For advanced students, allow them to create their own RAFT combinations.

Assessment

Evaluate for content accuracy within creative format. Check that role perspective is maintained throughout. Assess whether audience awareness shapes language choices. Use rubric addressing both content and format.