Materials
Gather these before class.
- RAFT assignment sheet with options
- Content notes from cell unit
- Sample RAFT pieces for different combinations
- Writing paper or digital document
Ready-to-use classroom activity
RAFT Writing
Students write from a specific Role, to an Audience, in a Format, about a Topic, transforming content understanding through perspective-taking.
Grade range
4th Grade – 12th Grade
Works across
ScienceEnglishHistoryForeign Language
Activity style
IndividualWritingCreative
Classroom walkthrough
See it in practice
One concrete example you can borrow, adapt, or teach as written.
Example lesson context
Cell Biology (Science - 7th Grade)
Preparation
What to have ready before students begin.
Create RAFT menu with 3-4 options per category that work with your content. Ensure all combinations are viable. Prepare model RAFT piece demonstrating the concept.
Run the activity
A classroom-ready sequence from launch to follow-up.
1
Introduce RAFT: Role (Who are you?), Audience (Who are you writing to?), Format (What form?), Topic (What about?).
2
Display RAFT menu for cell biology unit:
Roles
mitochondria, cell membrane, scientist, virus trying to enter cell
Audiences
other organelles, a student, the whole cell, a health magazine reader
Formats
diary entry, persuasive letter, travel brochure, news report, job application
Topics
why I'm important, how I protect you, a day in my life, what would happen without me
3
Model one combination: 'I'm a mitochondria writing a job application to a new cell, explaining why you should hire me.'
4
Students choose one option from each category (or assign specific combinations).
5
Planning time: What do you know about your content? How would your role talk? What does your audience need to know?
6
Drafting: Maintain your role's voice throughout. Include accurate content.
7
Peer feedback: Does the writer stay in role? Is the content accurate?
8
Share selected pieces aloud.
Differentiate
Adjust the activity without losing its core purpose.
Provide role cards with key content for struggling students. Limit choices for students overwhelmed by options. For advanced students, allow them to create their own RAFT combinations.
Look for learning
Use these signals to assess understanding.
Evaluate for content accuracy within creative format. Check that role perspective is maintained throughout. Assess whether audience awareness shapes language choices. Use rubric addressing both content and format.