CCSS.Math.Content.3.OA.C
The standard
Multiply and divide within 100.
Common Core State Standards for Mathematics
What this standard means
Students need to use facts and strategies to solve multiplication and division problems with factors and quotients up to 100. They should connect the operations, use arrays, equal groups, skip counting, and known facts, and choose a method that fits the problem.
Mastery looks like quick, accurate fact work plus clear thinking. A student can explain that 6 × 7 helps solve 42 ÷ 6, not just guess. Common sticking points are mixing up the size of groups and number of groups, slow recall, and treating division as unrelated to multiplication.
Ways to teach it
- Hands-on activity: Give students counters and grid paper to build arrays for 24, then write matching multiplication and division equations.
- Discussion or writing prompt: Ask, “How can knowing 8 × 5 help you solve 40 ÷ 8?” and have students explain with a drawing.
- Quick assessment: Show four problems, 7 × 9, 63 ÷ 7, 6 × 8, 48 ÷ 6, and ask for answers plus one strategy.
- Real-world connection: Use a classroom snack pack problem, 72 crackers shared equally among 9 students, then ask students to write the related fact family.
Plan a lesson for CCSS.Math.Content.3.OA.C
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Related standards
- CCSS.Math.Content.6.NS.B.3
Fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multi-digit decimals using the standard algorithm for each operation.
- CCSS.Math.Content.K.CC.A.1
Count to 100 by ones and by tens.
- CCSS.Math.Content.3.OA.A.3
Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems in situations involving equal groups, arrays, and measurement quantities, e.g., by using drawi...
- CCSS.Math.Content.3.NBT.A.3
Multiply one-digit whole numbers by multiples of 10 in the range 10—90 (e.g., 9 × 80, 5 × 60) using strategies based on place value and properties of operations...