CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.K.3d

ELAKindergartenPhonics and Word Recognition

The Standard

Distinguish between similarly spelled words by identifying the sounds of the letters that differ.

Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts

What This Standard Means

Students need to look closely at short words that almost match, such as cat and cap, and listen for the sound that changes. They should connect the changed sound to the letter that changed, not just guess from the first letter or picture.

Mastery looks like a child saying, “This word is bat, not bit, because the middle letter is a and it says /ă/.” Students often mix up visually similar letters, rush through the middle vowel, or rely on memorized word shapes instead of checking each sound.

Ways to Teach It

  • Use magnetic letters to build cat, then swap one letter at a time to make cap, cot, and cut while students read each word aloud.
  • Ask, “What sound changed between pin and pan, and which letter shows that change?” then have students explain with counters under each letter.
  • Show two word cards, such as dog and dig, and ask students to circle the letter that is different and read both words.
  • During attendance, compare two names or labels with one changed letter, such as Sam and sat, and listen for the different sound.

Plan a Lesson for CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.K.3d

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Related Standards

Standard text verified against corestandards.org on July 10, 2026.

Page updated July 10, 2026.

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