CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.K.2e

ELAKindergartenPhonological Awareness

The Standard

Add or substitute individual sounds (phonemes) in simple, one-syllable words to make new words.

Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts

Teacher's field guide

What Students Need to Do: Students listen to a short word and add one sound to make a different word. They also replace one sound while keeping the other sounds in place.
What Mastery Looks Like: Given at, a student adds /m/ and says mat. Given map, the student changes /m/ to /t/ and says tap while keeping the other sounds unchanged.
Common Misconceptions: Some students say letter names instead of sounds. Others change more than one sound, add a whole syllable, or drop a sound when making the new word.
How to Assess It: Say, “Start with at. Add /m/ to the beginning. Now start with map and change /m/ to /t/.” Record both responses.

Lesson moves

Use three sound boxes and counters; students move counters while changing sat to sit, then sit to sip.
Ask partners, “What changed when at became mat, and what stayed the same?”
Play Sound Switch: say a word and a replacement sound, then students say the new word before passing a beanbag.
Use picture cards for classroom objects, such as map and cap, and have students change one sound to name the new picture.

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A ready-to-print activity worksheet aligned to CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.K.2e, with an answer key for the teacher on its own page. No account needed.

PDF, US Letter, prints cleanly in black and white.

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